Word Equations for Chemical Reactions

In the previous section, we described chemical changes as those in which two substances react to form one or more new substances or those in which one substance changes to two or more new substances. In chemistry, such changes are referred to as chemical reactions.   For chemists to describe or explain chemical reactions to … Read more

Acid-Washed Jeans or Alkali-Washed Jeans?

Over the past few years, denim jeans manufacturers have expanded their horizons by producing jeans in a wide range of styles—from low-rise, slim-fit, jeggings, and kicked-flare, to lower-waist jeans, among others. One particular style that has experienced a resurgence in popularity every now and then is acid-washed jeans. The style of denim jeans has remained … Read more

Chemistry of Soap Mummies Explained

The Soap Lady and the Soap Man are two notable examples of mummified remains that have captured the attention of scientists, historians, and the public alike due to their unique preservation as “soap mummies.” Both were discovered by construction workers in the same graveyard near a Philadelphia train station in 1875 during routine infrastructural changes … Read more

Why Venus Has Concentrated Sulphuric Acid Clouds

Earth is not the only planet where acids are found. Scientists have proved that some planets do contain acids in greater abundance than Earth. One of these planets is Venus. While Earth’s atmosphere is composed of Nitrogen (79%), oxygen (20%), and other gases (1%), Venus’ atmosphere is made up of thick clouds of nitrogen, carbon … Read more

Properties of Acids

We have already learned about the physical properties of acids in this previous post. Let’s now focus on the chemical properties of acids (or how they react with other substances). 1. Reaction of Acids with Metals Acids react with metals to form a salt and hydrogen gas. Acids contain chemically bound hydrogen, which can be … Read more

Natural, Commercial, & Universal pH Indicators

In the previous post, we mentioned that one of the properties of acids is that they have sour tastes, while bases have bitter tastes. Using taste to classify substances as acids or bases is not an accurate method. It is not safe either due to the potential harm that acidic or basic substances can cause … Read more

Introduction to Acids and Bases

Acids and bases are everywhere. When you squeeze a lemon to make lemonade, the juice is an acid. If your TV remote operates on battery power, the batteries contain acids. Acids flow through our bodies, aiding in food digestion and even facilitating muscle building. And what about bases? Well, if you washed your hands today, … Read more